What Does a Mullet Fish Eat? Best Bait and Gear for Mullet Fishing

by John Fraser on Feb 03, 2025

Mullet fish, also known as "jumping mullet" or "grey mullet," are a popular target for anglers due to their abundance in coastal areas and estuaries. These agile swimmers can be found in saltwater and freshwater habitats, making them accessible to fishermen of all levels.

One of the main reasons mullet fishing is so popular is that they are known for putting up a good fight when caught on a line. They are strong and fast, often jumping out of the water in an attempt to escape. But before diving into the best bait and gear for targeting mullet fish, let's first understand what does a mullet fish eat and their habitat.

Understanding Mullet Fish and Their Habitat

Mullet fish belong to the Mugilidae family, which includes about 80 species distributed worldwide. In the U.S., two of the most common species are the striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) and white mullet (Mugil curema).

Striped mullet are prevalent along the Atlantic Coast, from Massachusetts to Florida, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. These fish favor shallow coastal environments, including bays, estuaries, and tidal creeks.

White mullet, while inhabiting similar regions, are generally found farther offshore and prefer waters with higher salinity.

Both species thrive in brackish environments—river mouths, mangroves, and piers—where the mixture of saltwater and freshwater creates nutrient-rich habitats. Their diet primarily consists of algae, detritus, and other sediment-filtered organic matter.

Red, Sea, and Black Mullet Fish: Key Differences

Several species of fish referred to as "mullet" share some similarities, but they differ in diet, habitat, and fishing strategies:

Red Mullet Fish (Mullus surmuletus):

It is not an actual mullet, but it belongs to the goatfish family.
Prefers rocky or sandy seabeds in warmer, shallow waters.
Feeds on crustaceans, worms, and small invertebrates, making live shrimp or small squid pieces effective bait.

Sea Mullet Fish (Mugilidae family, often Southern Kingfish):

It feeds on smaller crustaceans and fish, which makes cut bait or artificial lures suitable for catching them.
Typically found in shallow coastal waters and sandy-bottom areas.

Black Mullet Fish (Mugil cephalus - commonly striped mullet):

Primarily consumes plant matter, algae, and organic detritus. Effective baits include dough balls, bread crumbs, or other natural options.
Tolerant of a wide range of salinity, black mullet can be found in freshwater rivers and low-salinity estuaries.

By understanding these species' dietary habits and habitat preferences, anglers can optimize their fishing methods for better success.

Feeding Patterns and Behavior of Mullet Fish

Mullet fish are primarily herbivorous, consuming algae, diatoms, and detritus from the bottom of their habitats. They have specialized gizzards that help them grind and digest tough plant material, making them highly adaptable to various environments.

Mullet are not aggressive feeders like predatory fish. They graze rather than chase after bait, which makes selecting the right bait and technique crucial. During colder months, mullet may migrate to deeper waters, while in warmer months, they remain in shallow areas and feed more actively.

Tides play a significant role in their feeding behavior. Mullet are most active during rising or high tides when food is stirred up and more accessible.

Best Natural Baits for Mullet Fish

Since mullet primarily consume plant matter, natural baits that mimic their diet are the most effective. These include:

Bread crumbs or dough balls: These are excellent options, as they resemble the mullet's natural food sources.
Algae or green vegetation: Fresh algae or seaweed can be attached to hooks to attract mullet.
Chum mix: A combination of bread, oatmeal, or finely ground fish meal can be scattered in the water to draw mullet to your fishing area.

While some anglers report success using live or cut shrimp, this is less common since mullet do not primarily feed on animal matter.

Best Artificial Lures and Bait for Mullet Fish

While natural baits are often the go-to choice for targeting mullet fish, artificial lures can also be highly effective. Here are some of the best artificial baits and lures for catching mullet:

Spoons: These metal lures with a curved shape mimic the movement of small fish or shrimp and can attract the attention of hungry mullet.
Jigs: Jigs imitate small crustaceans and other bottom-dwelling prey that mullet feed on, making them an excellent choice for targeting these fish.
Soft Plastic Baits: These baits come in various shapes and colors, mimicking different types of food that mullet may consume, such as worms, small fish, or shrimp.
Topwater Lures: These lures imitate the movement of insects or other small creatures on the water's surface and can be highly effective for targeting mullet in shallow waters.

When using artificial baits and lures for mullet fishing, it's essential to match the size and color of your bait to what is naturally present in the fish's environment. Also, consider factors like water clarity and weather conditions when choosing your lure or bait.

Essential Gear for Mullet Fishing

To target mullet fish, having the right gear is essential. Here’s what you’ll need for a successful trip:

Rod and Reel: Choose medium-light or medium-action gear with a sensitive tip to feel bites and make accurate casts.
Fishing Line: Mullet spook easily, so use a light monofilament line, 4-6 pounds, for most situations.
Hooks: Use thin wire hooks sized #6 to #12, as mullet have small mouths and may reject bait if the hook resists too much.
Floats: Small foam floats help keep bait at the right depth and detect bites, especially in murky water.
Tackle: Include weights, swivels, and leader material for flexibility when fishing for mullet.

The right gear and techniques, whether natural bait or lures, can improve your chances of a successful trip. Understanding mullet behavior and their environment is key.

Rod and Reel Setup

When targeting mullet fish, having the right rod and reel setup can make all the difference. Here are some key factors to consider when choosing your equipment:

Line Capacity: As mentioned earlier, mullet have a keen sense of smell and may be deterred by heavy lines. A line capacity of 4-6 pounds is recommended, as this will provide enough strength while not being too visible or off-putting to the fish.
Rod Action: Mullet tend to be light biters, so using a rod with a sensitive tip is essential for feeling when they take the bait. Medium-light or medium-action rods work well for mullet fishing, providing enough sensitivity while still having enough backbone to handle the fish.
Durability: Mullet can be strong and feisty, so it's crucial to choose a durable rod and reel setup that can handle the fight. Look for equipment made with quality materials, and consider investing in a higher-end setup if you plan on targeting mullet frequently.

By keeping these factors in mind when selecting your rod and reel setup, you can improve your chances of successfully targeting mullet fish. Researching different brands and models can also help you find the best option for your budget and fishing preferences.

Techniques for Catching Mullet Fish

Catching mullet fish can require patience and finesse, but with the proper techniques, you can increase your chances of a successful catch. Here are some practical methods for targeting mullet:

Casting: The most common technique for catching mullet is casting out a bait or lure and reeling it in slowly. This allows you to cover more water and entice the fish to bite.
Chumming: Chumming involves using small pieces of bait to attract mullet to your fishing spot. You can use bread, algae, or other natural baits as chum and scatter them around your fishing area to draw in the fish.
Using Nets: A cast net can effectively target mullet fish in certain areas. This method involves throwing a large net over a group of mullet and quickly pulling it in to catch them.

When choosing a technique, consider factors such as water conditions, the fish's behavior, and regulations in your fishing area. Proper handling and release techniques are also essential to ensure the sustainability of the mullet population. By using these techniques with the right gear and understanding mullet behavior, you can have a successful and enjoyable mullet fishing experience.

Casting Tips for Mullet Fishing

Casting accurately and effectively is crucial for successful mullet fishing. Here are some tips to keep in mind when casting:

Avoid Overcasting: Mullet can be easily spooked, so it's important not to cast too far beyond where you think the fish are. A shorter cast closer to your intended target may be more effective.
Use Lighter Baits: As mentioned before, mullet have small mouths, so using lighter baits will allow for a more natural presentation and increase the chances of a bite.
Mimic Natural Movement: When reeling in your bait, mimic the natural movement of small fish or insects that mullet feed on. This can entice your bait and increase the chances of a strike.
Be Patient: Mullet fishing requires patience, so don't be discouraged if you don't get a bite immediately. Take your time and make deliberate casts to increase your chances of success.

These casting tips and techniques can improve your accuracy and presentation when targeting mullet fish. Observe the fish's behavior and adapt your casts for the best results. So, having reasonable control over your rod while casting is essential for successfully catching mullet fish.

Environmental Conditions for Successful Mullet Fishing

Environmental conditions play a key role in mullet fishing. Understanding how tides, weather, and water clarity affect their behavior can boost your chances of a successful catch. Here’s what to consider:

Tides: Mullet prefer moving water, so fishing during incoming or outgoing tides is more effective. They may move closer to shorelines and structures during high tide for protection.
Weather: Windy and cloudy days make spotting mullet harder, as they tend to stay near the surface in clear water. However, these conditions can also make them more active and likely to bite.
Water Clarity: Mullet are more cautious in clear water due to predators, but they feel safer and are more likely to feed in murky water.

Environmental factors vary by location and season, so it's key to research the best tides and weather for your area. Timing your trips correctly can significantly improve your mullet fishing success.

Preparing for Your Mullet Fishing Trip

Proper preparation is essential for a successful mullet fishing trip. Start by researching the best fishing spots in your area. Look for locations with structure and current, as these areas tend to attract and hold more mullet.

Next, check the weather conditions leading up to your trip. Severe weather can impact mullet behavior and make fishing more challenging, so staying informed is crucial.

Make sure to pack all the essential gear, including rods, reels, lines, bait, and tackle. Don’t forget sunscreen, sunglasses, and appropriate clothing to protect yourself from the sun and elements. Additionally, bring a cooler with ice to keep your catch fresh, as mullet can spoil quickly before cleaning and cooking.

By preparing thoroughly, you can enhance your chances of having a successful and enjoyable fishing experience. To help preserve the mullet population, always follow local regulations and practice responsible fishing techniques.

Explore Rite Angler’s Gear Selection for Mullet Fishing

At Rite Angler, we understand the unique challenges of targeting mullet fish. That's why we offer a wide selection of specialized gear. Our top-quality products are built to last, ensuring the best chance of success on your next fishing trip.

From lures and hooks to tackle boxes and reels, we have everything you need to make your mullet fishing experience successful. We are committed to providing exceptional customer support and ensuring you have the best possible experience with our gear.

So, why settle for mediocre fishing equipment when you can trust Rite Angler's proven gear for targeting mullet fish? Explore our selection today and prepare for an exhilarating and successful mullet fishing adventure! Remember, having the right gear can make all the difference in your fishing experience.

FAQs

Is mullet fish a bottom feeder?

Mullet fish are not strictly bottom feeders but can often feed near the water's surface. They primarily consume plant matter and small invertebrates on or near the surface. However, they may also forage along the bottom for food.

How long do mullet fish live?

The lifespan of mullet fish in the wild varies by species and environment. Striped mullet, for example, can live up to 10 years in good condition. Factors like water quality, food availability, and predation, as do diseases and parasites, affect their longevity. Anglers should fish responsibly and handle catches with care to support healthy populations. Always release undersized or unwanted catches safely back into the water.

How long will mullet stay alive in a bucket?

Mullet fish can survive in a bucket for several hours if the water quality and temperature are maintained. Use a clean, aerated bucket with cool, oxygen-rich water to keep them alive. Without aeration, the water quickly loses oxygen, causing stress or suffocation. Warm or polluted water can also harm the fish. To extend their survival, replace some water with fresh, clean water. However, it’s best to release them back into the water immediately.